In response to the decline in crude oil prices since mid-2014, the number of active offshore rigs has declined worldwide, dropping close to 20%, says the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).
There were 304 offshore rigs operating in August 2015, down from 377 in August 2014. During this period, the number of active offshore rigs in the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) dropped more rapidly, falling by 46%, according to the EIA, which used Baker Hughes' rig data.
Over the past 15 years, the US GOM's share of active offshore rigs worldwide has declined significantly—from almost half of all active offshore rigs worldwide in 2000 to less than 20% since 2008, according to the data.
In the US GOM, technology advancements accelerated the development of the deepwater (areas where the water depth is greater than 1000ft), the EIA says. The move to deeper waters prompted the departure of rigs operating in the shallow waters of the US GOM.
Natural gas prospects in the US GOM have also become less profitable, as the largely shale-driven increase in onshore natural gas supply contributed to decreases in US natural gas prices.
The EIA says the number of active offshore rigs in the US GOM declined from 122 in January 2000 to 41 in January 2010, before falling to 19 in June 2010 following the Deepwater Horizon offshore explosion and blowout. The US GOM active offshore rig count recovered to 57 by December 2014, and currently the number is 33.
From 2000 to 2006, the share of active rigs operating offshore in Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and Latin America grew significantly. That share remained steady over the past decade. The expansion of offshore drilling in India and China largely accounted for the growth in offshore rigs in the Asia Pacific region, the EIA says.
During the early 2000s, Qatar and Iran accounted for much of the growth in active offshore rigs in the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia accounting for a large portion of the regional growth since 2006. Mexico accounted for the growth in active offshore rigs in Latin America in the early 2000s, as national oil company Pemex increased its offshore activity to arrest declining production from aging fields. Since 2006, Brazil has been responsible for much of Latin America's growth.
Most of the more recent growth in active offshore rigs outside the US has occurred in Africa. Angola and Nigeria account for much of the growth in the region after 2010. Angola has more than 10 offshore oil projects expected to come online within the next five years. Nigeria's offshore activities have been focusing on the deepwater and ultra-deepwater; at least three deepwater projects are in development and are projected to come online within the next five years.
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